Bone Health - References

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2. Pattison DJ et al. "Vitamin C and the risk of developing inflammatory polyarthritis: prospective nested case-control study." Ann Rheum Dis. 63, 7:843-7, 2004.

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4. McAlindon TE et al. "Do antioxidant micronutrients protect against the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis." Arthritis Rheum. 39, 4:648-56, 1996.

5. Jensen NH. "Reduced pain from osteoarthritis in hip joint or knee joint during treatment with calcium ascorbate. A randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in general practice." Ugeskr Laeger. 165, 25:2563-6, 2003.

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8. Knekt P et al. "Serum selenium, serum alpha-tocopherol, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis." Epidemiology. 11, 4:402-5, 2000.

9. Kurz B et al. “Dietary vitamins and selenium diminish the development of mechanically induced osteoarthritis and increase the expression of antioxidative enzymes in the knee joint of STR/1N mice.” Osteoarth Cartil. 10, 2:119-26, 2002.

10. Michaelsson K et al. "Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture." N Engl J Med. 348, 4:287-94, 2003.

11. Tidow-Kebritchi S, Mobarhan S. "Effects of diets containing fish oil and vitamin E on rheumatoid arthritis." Nutr Rev. 59, 10:335-8, 2001.

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13. Brown AJ. "Thearpeutic uses of vitamin D analogues." Am J Kidney Dis. 38, 5 Suppl 5:S3-S19, 2001.

14. McAlindon TE et al. “Relation of dietary intake and serum levels of vitamin D to progression of osteoarthritis of the knee among participants in the Framingham Study.” Ann Intern Med. 125, 5:353-9, 1996.

15. lane NE et al. “Serum vitamin D levels and incident changes of radiographic hip osteoarthritis: a longitudinal study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group.” Arthritis Rheum. 42, 5:854-60, 1999.

16. Towheed TE et al. "Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis." Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1:CD002946, 2001.

17. Reginster JY et al. “Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.” Lancet. 357, 9252:251-6, 2001.

18. Bruyere O et al. “Glucosamine sulfate reduces osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: evidence from two 3-year studies.” Menopause. 11, 2:138-43, 2004.

19. Mazieres B et al. “Chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, double blind, placebo controlled multicenter clinical study.” J Rheumatol. 28, 1:173-81, 2001.

20. Rovetta G et al. "A two-year study of chondroitin sulfate in erosive osteoarthritis of the hands: behavior of erosions, osteophytes, pain and hand dysfunction." Drugs Exp Clin Res. 30, 1:11-6, 2004.

21. Debi R et al. “[GAG for osteoarthritis of the knee--a prospective study.]” Harefuah. 138, 6:451-3, 518, 2000.

22. Clegg DO et al. "Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis." N Engl J Med. 354, 8:795-808, 2006.

23. Rizzo R, Grandolfo M, Godeas C, Jones KW, Vittur F. "Calcium, sulfur, and zinc distribution in normal and arthritic articular equine cartilage: a synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission (SRIXE) study." J Exp Zool. 1995 Sep 1;273(1):82-6

24. Kim LS et al. "Efficacy of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in osteoarthritis pain of the knee: a pilot clinical trial." Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 14, 3:286-94, 2006.

25. Campo GM et al. "Efficacy of treatment with glycosaminoglycans on experimental collagen-induced arthritis in rats." Arthritis Res Ther. 5, 3:R122-31, 2003.

26. Karatay S et al. “Effects of different hyaluronic acid products on synovial fluid levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in knee osteoarthritis.” Ann Clin Lab Sci. 34, 3:330-5, 2004.

27. Petrella RJ, Petrella M. "A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of intraarticular hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis of the knee." J Rheumatol. 33, 5:951-6, 2006.

28. Medina JM et al. "Knee osteoarthritis: Should your patient opt for hyaluronic acid injection?" J Fam Pract. 55, 8:669-75, 2006.

29.Sheldon E et al. "A double blind clinical evaluation of the efficacy of chicken sternal collagen type II supplementation in adults with osteoarthritis." Miami Research Associates. April 25, 2003.

30. Trentham DE et al. "Use of Undenatured Type II Collagen in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Clin Practice Altern Med. 2:254-259, 2001 

31. Kremer JM. "n-3 fatty acid supplements in rheumatoid arthritis." Am J Clin Nutr. 71, 1:349s-51s, 2000.

32. Simopoulos AP. "Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases." J Am Coll Nutr. 21, 6:495-505, 2002.

33. Weiss LA et al. “Ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.”Am J Clin Nutr. 81, 4:934-8, 2005.

34. Oh RJ. "Practical Applications of Fish Oil (n-3 Fatty Acids) in Primary Care." Amer Board Fam Pract. 18, 1:28-36, 2005.

35. Gruenwald J et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a combination of Lyprinol and high concentrations of EPA and DHA in inflammatory rheumatoid disorders. Adv Ther. 21, 3:197-201, 2004.

36. Halpern GM. "Anti-inflammatory effects of a stabilized lipid extract of Perna canaliculus, Lyprinol." Allerg Immunol. 32, 7:272-8, 2000.

37. Zenk JL et al. "The effects of milk protein concentrate on the symptoms of osteoarthritis in adults." Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 63, 7:430-42, 2002.

38. Gagnier JJ et al. “Harpgophytum procumbens for osteoarthritis and low back pain: a systematic review.” BMC Complement Altern Med. 4, 1:13, 2004.

39. Wegener T, Lupke NP. "Treatment of patients with arthrosis of hip or knee with an aqueous extract of devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC.)." Phytother Res. 17, 10:1165-72, 2003.

40. Andersen ML et al. “Evaluation of acute and chronic treatments with Harpagophytum procumbens on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.” J Ethnopharmacol. 91, 2-3:325-30, 2004.

41. Zhang XJ et al. “Anti-inflammatory actions of cat’s claw: the role of NF-kappaB.” Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 12, 12:1279-89, 1998.

42. Miller JS et al. “Suppression of human cartilage degradation and chondrocyte activation by a unique mineral supplement (SierraSil<\#170>) and a cat’s claw extract, Vincaria<\#168>.” J Amer Nutra Assoc. 7, 2:32-9, 2004.

43. Piscoya J et al. "Efficacy and safety of freeze-dried cat's claw in osteoarthritis of the knee: mechanisms of action of the species Uncaria guianensis." Inflamm Res. 50, 9:442-8, 2001.

44. Bliddal H et al. "A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of ginger extracts and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis." Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 8, 1:9-12, 2000.

45. Kim HK et al. "Inhibition of rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by ginkgetin, a biflavone from Ginkgo biloba leaves." Planta Med. 65, 5:465-7, 1999

46. Altman RD, Marcussen KC. "Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis." Arthritis Rheum. 44, 11:2531-8, 2001.

47. Srivastava KC and Mustafa T. “Ginger , Zingiber officinale and rheumatic disorders.” Med Hypotheses. 29, 1:25-8, 1989.

48. Kimmatkar N et al. “Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.” Phytomed. 10, 1:3-7, 2003.

49. Kropotov AV et al. "Effects of Siberian ginseng extract and ipriflavone on the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis." Bull Exp Biol Med. 133, 3:252-4, 2002. 

SIDEBAR REFERENCES

1. Shea B et al. "Calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women." Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1:CD004526, 2004.

2. Civitelli R et al. "Alveolar and postcranial bone density in postmenopausal women receiving hormone/estrogen replacement therapy." Arch Int Med. 162(12):1409-15, 2002.

3. Jensen C et al. "Long-term effects of nutrient intervention on markers of bone remodeling and calciotropic hormones in late-postmenopausal women." Am J Clin Nutr. 75(6):1114-20, 2002.

4. Heaney RP. "Phosphorus nutrition and the treatment of osteoporosis." Mayo Clin Proc. 79, 1:91-7, 2004.

5. Rude RK et al. "Magnesium deficiency: effect on bone and mineral metabolism in the mouse." Calcif Tissue Int. 72, 1:32-41, 2003.

6. Stendig-Lindberg G et al. "Experimentally induced prolonged magnesium deficiency causes osteoporosis in the rat." Eur J Intern Med. 15, 2:97-107, 2004.

7. Barnes S. "Evolution of the health benefits of soy isoflavones." Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 217:386-398, 1998.

8. Kritz-Silverstein D, Goodman-Gruen DL. "Usual dietary isoflavone intake, bone mineral density, and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women." J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 11(1):69-78, 2002.

9. Arjmandi BH and Smith BJ. “Soy isoflavones' osteoprotective role in postmenopausal women: mechanism of action.” J Nutr Biochem. 13, 3:130-137, 2002.

10. Alekel DL et al. "Isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate attenuates bone loss in the lumbar spine of perimenopausal women." Am J Clin Nutr. 72(3):844-52, 2000.

11. Jia TL et al. "Daidzein enhances osteoblast growth that may be mediated by increased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) production." Biochem Pharmacol. 65, 5:709-15, 2003.

12. Ishimi Y et al. "Genistein, a soybean isoflavone, affects bone marrow lymphopoiesis and prevents bone loss in castrated male mice." Bone. 31, 1:180-5, 2002.

13. Anderson JJB et al. "Soy isoflavones: no effects on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in healthy, menstruating young adult women after one year." J Am Coll Nutr. 21(5):388-93, 2002.

14. Alexandersen P et al. "Ipriflavone in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, A Randomized Controlled Trial." JAMA. 285:1482-1488, 2001.