The Carotenoid Palette References

November 2, 2005

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"Carotenoid" References

1. Handelman GJ. "The evolving role of carotenoids in humanbiochemistry." Nutrition. 17, 10:818-22, 2001. www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/nut

2. Young AJ, Lowe GM. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of carotenoids.Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001;385(1):20-27.

3. Rao AV. "Lycopene, tomatoes and the prevention of coronary heartdisease." Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 227, 10:908-13, 2002.

4. Fuhrman B et al. "Lycopene synergistically inhibits LDL oxidation incombination with vitamin E, glabridin, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid orgarlic." Antioxid Redox Signal. 2, 3:491-506, 2000.

5. Tyssandier V et al. "Effect of tomato product consumption on theplasma status of antioxidant microconstituents and on the plasma totalantioxidant capacity in healthy subjects." J Am Coll Nutr. 23, 2:148-56,2004. www.am-coll-nutr.org/jacn/jacn.htm

6. Porrini M et al. "Daily intake of a formulated tomato drink affectscarotenoid plasma and lymphocyte concentrations and improves cellularantioxidant protection." Br J Nutr. 93, 1:93-9, 2005. www.cabi-publishing.org/journals/bjn

7. Riso P et al. "Lycopene and vitamin C concentrations increase inplasma and lymphocytes after tomato intake. Effects on cellular antioxidantprotection." Eur J Clin Nutr. 58, 10:1350-8, 2004. www.naturesj.com/ejcn

8. Hak AE et al. "Prospective study of plasma carotenoids andtocopherols in relation to risk of ischemic stroke." Stroke. 35, 7:1584-8,2004. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/

9. Tamimi RM et al. "Plasma carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols andrisk of breast cancer." Am J Epidemiol. 161, 2:153-60. www.aje.oupjournals.org

10. Mannisto S et al. "Dietary carotenoids and risk of lung cancer in apooled analysis of seven cohort studies." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.13, 1:40-8, 2004. http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/

11. Elmadfa I et al. "Effects of beta-carotene supplementation on freeradical mechanism in healthy adult subjects." Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 74,2:147-52, 2004.

12. Kleinjans JC et al. "In vitro investigations into the interaction ofbeta-carotene with DNA: evidence for the role of carbon-centered freeradicals." Carcinogenesis. 25, 7:1249-56, 2004. http://carcin.oupjournals.org

13. Guerin M, Huntley ME, Olaizola M. "Haematococcus astaxanthin:applications for human health and nutrition." Trends Biotechnol. 21,5:210-6, 2003.

14. Iwamoto T et al. "Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation byastaxanthin." J Atheroscler Thromb. 7, 4:216-22, 2000. www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jat

15. Hussein G et al. "Antihypertensive and neuroprotective effects ofastaxanthin in experimental animals." Biol Pharm Bull. 28, 1:47-52, 2005.

16. Ohgami K et al. "Effects of astaxanthin onlipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo." InvestOphthalmol Vis Sci. 44:2694-2701, 2003.

17. Lee SJ et al. "Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production andinflammatory gene expression by suppressing IkB kinase-dependent NF-kBactivation." Mol Cells. 16, 1:97-105, 2003.

18. Lee SJ et al. Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production andinflammatory gene expression by suppressing I(kappa)B kinase-dependent NF-kappaBactivation. Mol Cells. 16, 1:97-105, 2003. www.molcells.org

19. Bennedsen M et al. "Treatment of H. pylori infected mice withantioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, bacterial load andmodulates cytokine release by splenocytes." Immunol Lett. 70, 3:185-9,1999.

20. Kim JH et al. "Protective effect of astaxanthin on naproxen-inducedgastric antral ulceration in rats." Eur J Pharmacol. 514, 1:53-9,2005.

21. Akyon Y. "Effect of antioxidants on the immune response ofHelicobacter pylori." Clin Microbiol Infect. 8, 7:438-41, 2002.

22. Aoi W et al. Astaxanthin limits exercise-induced skeletal and cardiacmuscle damage in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal. 5, 1:139-44, 2003. http://www.liebertonline.com/loi/ars

23. Koh H.H. et al. Plasma and macular responses to lutein supplement insubjects with and without age-related maculopathy: a pilot study. Exp EyeRes. 79, 1:21-7, 2004.

24. Berendshot TT et al. Influence of lutein supplementation on macularpigment, assessed with two objective techniques. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.41, 11:3322-6, 2000. www.iovs.org

25. Alves-Rodrigues A and Shao A. "The science behind lutein."Toxicol Lett. 150, 1:57-83, 2004. www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03784274

26. Krinsky NI et al. "Biologic mechanisms of the protective role oflutein and zeaxanthin in the eye." Annu Rev Nutr. 23:171-201, 2003. http://nutr.annualreviews.org

27. Richer S. et al. Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized trialof lutein and antioxidant supplementation in the intervention of atrophicage-related macular degeneration: the Veterans L.A.S.T. study (LuteinAntioxidant Supplementation Trial) Optometry 75:216-30, 2004.

28. Lee EH et al. Dietary lutein reduces ultraviolet radiation-inducedinflammation and immunosuppression. J Invest Dermatol. 122, 2:510-7, 2004. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/jid

29. Gonzalez S et al. Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin decreases ultravioletB-induced epidermal hyperproliferation and acute inflammation in hairless mice.J Invest Dermatol. 121, 2:399-405, 2003. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/jid

30. Semba RD. Impact of vitamin A on immunity and infection in developingcountries. In: Bendich A, Decklebaum RJ, eds. Preventive Nutrition: TheComprehensive Guide for Health Professionals. 2nd ed. Totowa: Humana Press Inc;pp. 329-346, 2001.

31. Watzl B et al. "Modulation of human T-lymphocyte functions by theconsumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables." Br J Nutr. 82, 5:383-9, 1999. www.nutritionsociety.org.uk/bjn/default.htm

32. van der Hosrst-Graat JM et al. Plasma carotenoid concentrations inrelation to acute respiratory infections in elderly people. Br J Nutr. 92,1:113-8, 2004. www.cabi-publishing.org/journals/bjn

33. Jonasson L et al. Low serum beta-carotene reflects immune activationin patients with coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 13,3:120-5, 2003.

34. Cser MA et al. Serum carotenoid and retinol levels during childhoodinfections. Ann Nutr Metab. 48, 3:156-62, 2004. http://www.karger.com/

35. Kim HW et al. "Dietary lutein stimulates immune response in thecanine." Vet Immunol Imunopathol. 74, 3-4:315-27, 2000. www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/5/0/3/3/1/9

36. Kim HW et al. "Modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immuneresponses by dietary lutein in cats." Vet Immunol Imunopathol. 73,3-4:331-41, 2000. www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/5/0/3/3/1/9

37. Porrini M and Riso P. "Lymphocyte lycopene concentration and DNAprotection from oxidative damage is increased in women after a short period oftomato consumption." J Nutr. 130, 2:189-92, 2000. www.nutrition.org

38. Karahan I et al. Protective effect of lycopene on gentamicin-inducedoxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol. 215, 3:198-204,2005. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0300483X

39. Jyonouchi H et al. "Antitumor activity of astaxanthin and its modeof action." Nutr Cancer. 36, 1:59-65, 2000. www.erlbaum.com/Journals/journals/NC/nc.htm

40. Kurihara H et al. "Contribution of the antioxidative property ofastaxanthin to its protective effect on the promotion of cancer metastasis inmice treated with restraint stress." Life Sci. 70, 21:2509-20, 2002. www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00243205

41. Chew BP et al. "Dietary beta-carotene and astaxanthin but notcanthaxanthin stimulate splenocyte function in mice." Anticancer Res. 19,6B:5223-7, 1999. www.geocities.com/Athens/Rhodes/8729/iiar/iiar.htm

42. Okai Y, Higashi-Okai K. "Possible immunomodulating activities ofcarotenoids in in vitro cell culture experiments." Int J Immunopharmacol.18, 12:753-8, 1996. www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01920561

43. Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Gross M. "Effect of carotenoids on in vitroimmunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells:astaxanthin, a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, enhances in vitroimmunoglobulin production in response to a T-dependent stimulant andantigen." Nutr Cancer. 23, 2:171-83, 1995. www.erlbaum.com/Journals/journals/NC/nc.htm

44. Michaud DS et al. Intake of specific carotenoids and risk of lungcancer in 2 prospective US cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr. 72, 4:990-997, 2000. www.ajcn.org

45. Holick CN et al. Dietary carotenoids, serum beta-carotene, and retinoland risk of lung cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cohort study.Am J Epidemiol. 156, 6:536-547, 2002. www.aje.oupjournals.org

46. Ito Y et al. Lung cancer mortality and serum levels of carotenoids,retinol, tocopherols, and folic acid in men and women: a case-control studynested in the JACC Study. J Epidemiol. 15, S2:S140-9, 2005. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jea

47. Nkondjock, A., Ghadirian, P. Intake of specific carotenoids andessential fatty acids and breast cancer risk in Montreal, Canada.Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 79:857-64, 2004. www.ajcn.org

48. Li, Z., Hu, C. Y., Mo, B. Q., Xu, J. D. & Zhao, Y. [Effect ofbeta-carotene on gene expression of breast cancer cells]. Ai.Zheng. 22:380-4,2002.

49. Park, Jean Soon, Chew, Boon P. and Wong, Teri S. Dietary Lutein fromMarigold Extract Inhibits Mammary Tumor Development in BALB/c Mice. J. Nutr.128, 10:1650-6, 1998. www.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/128/10/1650

50. Campos H et al. Plasma carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols and riskof breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 161, 2:153-60, 2005. www.aje.oupjournals.org

51. Sato R et al. Prospective study of carotenoids, tocopherols, andretinoid concentrations and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer EpidemiolBiomarkers Prev. 11, 5:451-7, 2002. http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/

52. Hwang, E.S., Bowen, P.E. Effect of lycopene on lipid peroxidation andoxidative DNA damage in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. FoodSci.Biotechnol. 13:297-301, 2004.

53. Bowen, Phyllis, Chen, Longwen, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, Maria, Duncan,Claudine, Sharifi, Roohollah, Ghosh, Luna, Kim, Hyung-Sook, Christov-Tzelkov,Konstantin and van Breemen, Richard. Tomato Sauce Supplementation andProstate Cancer: Lycopene Accumulation and Modulation of Biomarkers ofCarcinogenesis. Experimental Biology and Medicine 227:886-93, 2002 www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/227/10/886.

54. Huang CS et al. Lycopene inhibits cell migration and invasion andupregulates Nm23-H1 in a highly invasive hepatocarcinoma, SK-Hep-1 cells. JNutr. 135, 9:2119-23, 2005. www.nutrition.org

55. Johnson KC et al. Dietary intake of lycopene is associated withreduced pancreatic cancer risk. J Nutr. 135, 3:592-7, 2005. www.nutrition.org

56. Grossman HB et al. Dietary carotenoids and genetic instability modifybladder cancer risk. J Nutr. 134, 12:3362-9, 2004. www.nutrition.org

57. Steck-Scott S et al. Carotenoids, vitamin A and risk of adenomatouspolyp recurrence in the polyp prevention trial. Int J Cancer. 112, 2:295-305,2004. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/29331

58. Bertram JS. Dietary carotenoids, connexins and cancer: what is theconnection? Biochem Soc Trans. 32, 6:985-9, 2004. http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/default.htm

59. Vine AL and Bertram JS. Upregulation of connexin 43 by retinoids butnot by non-provitamin A carotenoids requires RARs. Nutr Cancer. 52, 1:105-13,2005.

60. Willcox, J. K., Catignani, G. L. & Lazarus, S. Tomatoes andcardiovascular health. Crit.Rev.Food Sci.Nutr. 43:1-18, 2003.

61. Arab, Lenore and Steck, Susan. Lycopene and cardiovasculardisease. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 71, 6:1691S-1695S, 2000. www.ajcn.org

62. Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Beta-carotene, Carotenoids and thePrevention of Coronary Heart Disease. J. Nutr. 129, 1:5-8, 1999. www.nutrition.org

63. Hussein G et al. Antihypertensive and neuroprotective effects ofastaxanthin in experimental animals. Biol Pharm Bull. 28, 1:47-52, 2005. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/bpb

64. Schwartz SJ et al. Assessment of lutein bioavailability from meals anda supplement using simulated digestion and caco-2 human intestinal cells. JNutr. 134, 9:2280-6, 2004. www.nutrition.org

65. Reboul E et al. Enrichment of tomato paste with 6% tomato peelincreases lycopene and beta-carotene bioavailability in men. J Nutr.135, 4:790-4, 2005. www.nutrition.org

66. Micozzi, M.S. et al. Plasma carotenoid response to chronicintake of selected foods and beta-carotene supplements in men. Amer J ClinNutr. 55:1120-1125, 1992. www.ajcn.org

67. Pattison DJ et al. Dietary beta-cryptoxanthin and inflammatorypolyarthritis: results from a population-based prospective study. Am JClin Nutr. 82, 2:451-5, 2005.

68. Maggio D et al. Low levels of carotenoids and retinol in involutionalosteoporosis. Bone. Sep 23, Epub ahead of print, 2005. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/87563282

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